Non-genetic reprogramming method to restore sweat gland function shows promise for burn victims

Sweat glands are vital for regulating body temperature, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting skin health. Yet, extensive skin injuries, such as burns, often result in the loss of these glands, leaving patients vulnerable to overheating, dehydration, and other severe complications. Sweat gland regeneration has remained a major medical challenge—until now.

In a recent study, researchers have developed a non-genetic reprogramming method to restore sweat gland function. Using a carefully crafted combination of six chemicals, the team successfully converted human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs)—common skin cells—into sweat gland-like cells, called chemically induced sweat gland cells (ciSGCs). The findings are published in the journal Science Bulletin.

These reprogrammed cells closely mimic natural sweat gland cells in both structure and function. Laboratory tests showed that ciSGCs could self-renew, differentiate into sweat-secreting cells, and produce key sweat gland markers. Even more impressively, when transplanted into the damaged skin of mice, ciSGCs sped up wound healing, rebuilt the skin’s dermal architecture, and regenerated fully functional sweat glands.

One of the study’s most remarkable findings was that ciSGCs restored thermoregulatory sweating—the body’s critical ability to cool itself—in burned skin. Beyond replacing lost glands, these engineered cells also released bioactive factors that stimulated nearby cells to repair and regenerate tissue, further improving healing outcomes.

Unlike previous approaches that relied on genetic modifications to reprogram cells—raising safety concerns like potential cancer risks—this pharmacological method uses small molecules to alter cellular identity without modifying DNA. This non-genetic approach is safer, scalable, and highly adaptable for future clinical applications.

For patients with severe skin injuries, this technique offers the possibility of fully regenerating damaged tissue and restoring lost functions. It represents a major step toward personalized regenerative medicine that addresses both the physical and psychological impacts of skin injuries.

As the research team continues to refine and optimize their technique, the potential for clinical translation grows. This innovative method could one day revolutionize burn care and provide new hope for patients worldwide.