A healthy heart is central to overall good health, so understanding certain risk factors and being aware of the signs when something is wrong is key.
While symptoms of heart problems can vary between individuals, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all, Mr Shyam Kolvekar, a Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon at St Bartholomew’s Hospital London with private practices at The Harley Street Clinic, Barts Heart Centre, The Wellington Hospital and The Royal Free Private, outlined seven general signs to watch out for.
1. Chest pain or discomfort
This is often described as squeezing, pressure, fullness, or pain in the chest. It may last for a few minutes or come and go.
2. Shortness of breath
Feeling breathless or having difficulty breathing, which may occur with or without chest discomfort.
3. Fatigue
Unexplained tiredness or weakness, especially if it’s more severe than usual or is not relieved by rest.
4. Pain or discomfort in other areas of the upper body
This can include discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
5. Nausea or lightheadedness
Feeling sick or dizzy, which may be accompanied by cold sweats.
6. Irregular heartbeats
Experiencing palpitations, a rapid heart rate, or a heartbeat that does not feel regular.
7. Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
This can be a sign of heart failure, where the heart is not pumping blood effectively.
There are a number of different conditions that can affect the heart, and symptoms for each may vary, advised Mr Kolvekar.
Angina
Chest pain or discomfort occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t receive enough blood and oxygen, often due to narrowed coronary arteries. “This can be a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD),” said Mr Kolvekar.
Heart attack (myocardial Infarction)
A heart attack occurs when there is a sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to damage.
Mr Kolvekar said: “Chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms may be indicative of a heart attack.”
Heart failure
This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. “This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs and feet,” said Mr Kolvekar.
Arrhythmias
Irregular heartbeats, palpitations, or a rapid heart rate can be caused by various arrhythmias, which are abnormalities in the heart’s electrical system.
Valvular heart disease
Problems with the heart valves, such as stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leaking), can lead to symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Persistent high blood pressure can strain the heart and arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease over time.
Cardiomyopathy
This is a condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened or enlarged, affecting its ability to pump blood efficiently.
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium (the sac around the heart) can cause chest pain, especially when breathing deeply or lying down.
It’s important to note these symptoms can be caused by various medical conditions, and a healthcare professional is best equipped to diagnose the specific cause, said Mr Kolvekar.
He added: “If you experience symptoms suggestive of heart issues, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management. Early detection and intervention are essential for improving outcomes in heart-related conditions.”
It’s also important to be aware of certain risk factors, such as a family history of heart disease, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and age, which can increase the likelihood of heart problems.
“Regular check-ups and screenings are essential for maintaining heart health,” said Mr Kolvekar.
The Heart Surgeon’s Cookbook is the brainchild of New York-based Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeon Dr Nirav Patel MD and Fredrik Berselius, holder of two Michelin stars and Founder and Owner of Aska restaurant in New York.
They accepted the challenge from the global medtech provider Getinge to create a cookbook that not only celebrates the physical and mental dexterity of both doctor and chef, but also serves as a unique training tool for heart surgeons, no matter what stage of their career. To find out more visit https://www.getinge.com/uk/campaigns/cookbook/flipbook/